期刊
GENE THERAPY
卷 11, 期 23, 页码 1694-1702出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302346
关键词
tyrosinase enhancer/promoter; conditionally replicative adenovirus; fiber chimerism; viral oncolysis; melanoma
类别
资金
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA93796, R01 CA83821, R01 CA83591, R01 CA94084] Funding Source: Medline
Oncolytic adenoviruses constitute a new and promising tool for cancer treatment that has been rapidly translated into clinical trials. However, minimal or absent expression of the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) receptor CAR (coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor) on cancer cells represents a major limitation for Ad5-based oncolysis. Here, we report on the resistance of CAR-negative primary melanoma cells to cell killing by wild-type Ad5 (Ad5wt) even after high titer infection, thus underlining the need for tropism-modification of oncolytic adenoviruses. We engineered a new generation of oncolytic adenoviruses that exhibit both efficient target cell infection by swapping Ad5 fiber domains with those of Ad serotype 3, which binds to a receptor distinct from CAR, and targeted virus replication. Fiber chimerism resulted in efficient cytopathicity to primary melanoma cells, which was at least 10(4)-fold increased relative to Ad5wt. Since viral infectivity mediated by such modified viral capsids was not cell type-specific, it was pivotal to carefully restrict adenoviral replication to target cells. Towards this end, we replaced both E1A and E4 promoters of fiber chimeric viruses by tyrosinase enhancer/promoter constructs. The resulting viruses showed melanoma-specific expression of E1A and E4 and combined efficient virus replication and cell killing in melanoma cell lines and primary melanoma cells with a remarkable specificity profile that implements strong attenuation in nonmelanoma cells, including normal fibroblasts and keratinocytes.
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