In organic-based electronics, interfacial properties have a profound impact on device performance. The lineup of energy levels is usually dependent on interface dipoles, which may arise from charge transfer reactions. In many applications, metal-organic junctions are prepared under ambient conditions, where direct overlap of the organic pi system from the metal bands is prevented due to presence of oxides and/or hydrocarbons. We present direct experimental and theoretical evidence showing that the interface energetic for such systems is governed by exchange of an integer amount of electrons. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.
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