Ruthenium(III) chloride catalyzed oxidation of pyrene and 2,7-disubstitued pyrenes: An efficient, one-step synthesis of pyrene-4,5-diones and pyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraones

Pyrene and 2,7-disubstituted pyrenes have been oxidized with ruthenium(III) chloride (RuCl3) and sodium periodate (NaIO4) under very mild conditions to 4,5-diones or 4,5,9,10-tetraones. Thus, the oxidation has been controlled by varying the amount of oxidant and reaction temperature to proceed exclusively at the pyrene 4- and 5-positions or at the 4-, 5-, 9-, and 10-positions.