Heteronuclear dipolar recoupling in solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance by amplitude-, phase-, and frequency-modulated Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization -: art. no. 044512

This paper presents a theoretical, numerical, and experimental study of phase- and frequency-switched Lee-Goldburg cross-polarization (FSLG-CP) under magic-angle spinning conditions. It is shown that a well-defined amplitude modulation of one of the two radio-frequency (rf) fields in the FSLG-CP sequence results in highly efficient heteronuclear dipolar recoupling. The recoupled dipolar interaction is gamma-encoded and, under ideal conditions, the effective spin Hamiltonian is equivalent to that in continuous-wave Lee-Goldburg CP. In practice, however, FSLG-CP is less susceptible to rf field mismatch and inhomogeneity, and provides better suppression of H-1 spin diffusion. The performance of FSLG-CP is experimentally demonstrated on liquid-crystalline samples exhibiting motionally averaged dipolar couplings. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.