期刊
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
卷 19, 期 1, 页码 3-23出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2004.10.004
关键词
hepatocellular carcinoma; incidence; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; aflatoxin B-I
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major contributor to cancer incidence and mortality. There is a wide variation, however, in the global distribution of HCC. Eighty percent of the burden is borne by countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In most high-risk countries, principal risk factors include infection with hepatitis B virus and dietary exposure to aflatoxin B-1. In contrast, hepatitis C virus and alcohol consumption are more important risk factors in low-risk countries. In recent years, the incidence of HCC has decreased in some high-risk countries and increased in some low-risk countries. Reasons for both trends are not completely understood, but are likely related to public health efforts in Asia and the increase in hepatitis C virus infection in low-risk countries. Vaccination programs against hepatitis B virus will likely decrease the HCC rate even further in decades to come.
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