Epidemiology of sporotrichosis: A study of 304 cases in Brazil

Background: Sporotrichosis is an infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii. It primarily involves the skin and lymphatic channels, but dissemination may occur. Objective: We sought to describe clinical and epidemiologic features of cases of sporotrichosis observed in Southern Brazil, and to review the literature. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records over a 35-year period, from 1967 to 2002. Results: In all, 304 cases of sporotrichosis confirmed by fungal culture, histopathologic examination, and/or remission of lesions with potassium iodide were reviewed. No statistical difference was found between the number of patients with fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis and those with the lymphangitic type. Multifocal and extracutaneous involvement was verified. The Upper extremity was the most affected site. Unusual sites, such as the penis and pubic region, were also involved. Conclusion: Sporotrichosis is endemic in the study area. There is much to be learned about S schenckii. More studies and therapeutic options are still needed.