Use of compact shield tunneling method in urban underground construction

In Tokyo Metropolis, the rehabilitation and renewal of sewer systems is an urgent issue due to the aged sewers and increases in wastewater and stormwater runoff. In such urban area, shield tunneling confronts various problems, such as high construction costs, adverse effects on living environments, and densely used surface and underground spaces. To solve these problems, the authors developed a new shield tunneling method, which is called the compact shield method. This paper describes the concepts used for the construction of shield sewer tunnels without inner linings and an overview of the segments and a shield machine that were newly developed. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.