期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
卷 92, 期 3, 页码 422-431出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.3732/ajb.92.3.422
关键词
global change; lability index; life forms; long-term monitoring; phenology index
Long-term studies on phenology are rarely reported from arctic and alpine areas, but are essential for understanding biotic and abiotic controls on flowering. We monitored first flowering day (FFD) for 144 species in a subarctic-alpine area in Swedish Lapland over a period of 10 yr (1992-2001). Temperature and global radiation were monitored continuously, and snowcover duration was observed. Thawing degree-days and snowcover duration (exposure) were the dominant environmental controls on phenology. We introduce a lability index (LI) to describe the interannual variability in FFD among species. The temporal sequence of species is very constant among years, although a few species are more labile. The species were also classified into the catagories Functional type, Raunkiaer's life form, and Sorensen's wintering floral type. The last two reflected the environmental data best, and together with Exposure they were combined into a phenology index (PI). The index was subsequently used in a triangular ordination together with FFD. The ordination illustrates whether species flower earlier or later than expected from their preconditions. We hypothesize that species having a delayed flowering respond more readily to global warming than species having an already optimized flowering.
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