期刊
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
卷 484, 期 1, 页码 93-104出版社
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/cne.20464
关键词
songbirds; learning; corpus striatum; animal vocalization
资金
- NIDCD NIH HHS [P30 DC04661] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH56646, MH066128] Funding Source: Medline
Song learning in oscine birds relies on a circuit known as the anterior forebrain pathway, which includes a specialized region of the avian basal ganglia. This region, area X, is embedded within a telencephalic structure considered homologous to the striatum, the input structure of the mammalian basal ganglia. Area X has many features in common with the mammalian striatum, yet has distinctive traits, including largely aspiny projection neurons that directly innervate the thalamus and a cell type that physiologically resembles neurons recorded in the mammalian globus pallidus. We have proposed that area X is a mixture of striatum and globus pallidus and has the same functional organization as circuits in the mammalian basal ganglia. Using electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we found that area X contains a functional analog of the direct striatopallidothalamic pathway of mammals: axons of the striatal spiny neurons make close contacts on the somata and dendrites of pallidal cells. A subset of pallidal neurons project directly to the thalamus. Surprisingly, we found evidence that many pallidal cells may not project to the thalamus, but rather participate in a functional analog of the mammalian indirect pathway, which may oppose the effects of the direct pathway. Our results deepen our understanding of how information flows through area X and provide more support for the notion that song learning in oscines employs physiological mechanisms similar to basal ganglia-dependent forms of motor learning in mammals. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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