Chromophobe renal cell carcinoma: Comprehensive analysis of 104 cases from multicenter European database

Objectives. To analyze the clinical behavior of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), we retrospectively evaluated the data from six European centers. In 1985, CRCC was identified as a new RCC histologic subtype. Because of its low frequency, only few large CRCC series are available. Methods. We created a renal cancer database including 3228 patients who underwent surgery between 1986 and 2002 in six European centers. The relevant clinical and pathologic data were extracted from the clinical charts at each institution and collected into a unique database. Results. Of the 3228 patients, 104 (3.2%) affected by CRCC were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 57.6 years (range 22 to 83). Of the 104 patients, 51 (49%) were men and 53 (51%) were women. The mean tumor size was 6.4 +/- 3.6 cm. An incidental diagnosis accounted for 61.5% of the cases. Radical nephrectomy was performed in 88 patients (85%). After a median follow-up of 38 months (mean 44, range 1 to 153), no local recurrence was observed. The 5-year overall survival rate for CRCC was 81%. Of the 104 patients, 5 (4.8%) and 9 (8.6%) died of unrelated causes and renal cancer, respectively. Conclusions. Our series confirmed a favorable outcome for the CRCC subtype with little local aggressiveness and a low propensity for progression and death from cancer. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc.