期刊
PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE
卷 16, 期 4, 页码 328-335出版社
SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01535.x
关键词
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资金
- Economic and Social Research Council [L330253002] Funding Source: researchfish
- NIA NIH HHS [AG022057-01] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [MH45070, MH49414] Funding Source: Medline
The present research explored the controversial link between global self-esteem and externalizing problems such as aggression, antisocial behavior, and delinquency. In three studies, we found a robust relation between low self-esteem and externalizing problems. This relation held for measures of self-esteem and externalizing problems based on self-report, teachers' ratings, and parents' ratings, and for participants from different nationalities (United States and New Zealand) and age groups (adolescents and college students). Moreover, this relation held both cross-sectionally and longitudinally and after controlling for potential confounding variables such as supportive parenting, parent-child and peer relationships, achievement-test scores, socioeconomic status, and IQ. In addition, the effect of self-esteem on aggression was independent of narcissism, an important finding given recent claims that individuals who are narcissistic, not low in self-esteem, are aggressive. Discussion focuses on clarifying the relations among self-esteem, narcissism, and externalizing problems.
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