Involvement of NH2 terminus of PKC-δ in binding to F-actin during activation of Calu-3 airway epithelial NKCC1

Direct binding of nonmuscle F-actin and the C2-like domain of PKC-delta (delta C2-like domain) is involved in hormone-mediated activation of epithelial Na-K-2Cl cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) in a Calu-3 airway epithelial cell line. The goal of this study was to determine the site of actin binding on the 123-amino acid delta C2-like domain. Truncations of the delta C2-like domain were made by restriction digestion and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. His(6)-tagged peptides were expressed in bacteria, purified, and analyzed with a Coomassie blue stain for predicted size and either a 6xHis protein tag stain or an INDIA His(6) probe for expression of the His6 tag. Truncated peptides were tested for competitive inhibition of binding of activated, recombinant PKC-delta with nonmuscle F-actin. Peptides from the NH2-terminal region, but not the COOH-terminal region, of the delta C2-like domain blocked binding of activated PKC-delta to F-actin. The delta C2-like domain and three NH2-terminal truncated peptides of 17, 83, or 108 amino acids blocked binding, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 2.2 nmol ( 6 - 11 mu M). NH2-terminal delta C2-like peptides also prevented methoxamine-stimulated NKCC1 activation and pulled down endogenous actin from Calu-3 cells. The proximal NH2 terminus of the delta C2-like domain encodes a beta 1-sheet region. The amino acid sequence of the actin-binding domain is distinct from actin-binding domains in other PKC isotypes and actin-binding proteins. Our results indicate that F-actin likely binds to the beta 1-sheet region of the delta C2-like domain in airway epithelial cells.