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Two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate under extreme rotation

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PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
卷 94, 期 15, 页码 -

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AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.150401

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We show that a Bose-condensed gas, under extreme rotation in a 2D anisotropic trap, forms a novel elongated quantum fluid which has a roton-maxon excitation spectrum. For a sufficiently large interaction strength, the roton energy reaches zero and the system undergoes a second order quantum transition to the state with a periodic structure-rows of vortices. The number of rows increases with the interaction, and the vortices eventually form a triangular Abrikosov lattice.

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