Intestinal epithelial TOLLerance versus inTOLLerance of commensals

This brief review summarizes the current understanding of Toll-like receptor (TLRs) mediated intestinal epithelial mechanisins of commensal tolerance versus intolerance and provides an update on the downstream ne,gative control of signaling responses through decreased surface expression, interregulation with NOD2, overexpression of Tollip, various inhibitors of NF-kappa B as well as Soluble tolerizing mediators present in lumen and serum which all may maintain or-when dysregulated-impair mucosal homeostasis in health or disease, respectively. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.