期刊
SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE
卷 25, 期 2, 页码 133-142出版社
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-871193
关键词
dysplastic nodule; early hepatocellular carcinoma; nodule-in-nodule appearance; hepatocarcinogenesis; stromal invasion
It has been established that small, equivocal nodular lesions such as dysplastic nodules (DNs) and small well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (early, HCCs) are frequently, observed in noncancerous liver tissues resected along with HCCs and in explant cirrhotic livers. DNs are classified into low-grade DNs or high-grade DNs on the basis of cytological and architectural atypia; high-grade DNs show varying degrees of cytological or architectural atypia, or both. Early HCCs are indistinctly, nodular and highly differentiated and are frequently difficult to differentiate from high-grade DNs. Although the pathological diagnosis of high-grade DNs and early HCCs is controversial, the presence of tumor cell invasion into the intratumoral portal tracts (stromal invasion) is a helpful clue for differentiating early HCC from high-grade DNs. It is highly suggested that many, HCCs occurring in cirrhotic liver arise in DNs and develop to classical HCC in a multistep fashion.
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