Malassezin, a novel agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor from the yeast Malassezia furfur, induces apoptosis in primary human melanocytes

Pityriasis versicolor is the most common skin mycosis in humans worldwide. Yeasts of the genus Malassezia, particularly M. furfur, a saprophyte occurring widely on human skin, are generally regarded as the causative agents. Pityriasis versicolor is often accompanied by a long-lasting depigmentation that persists even after successful antimycotic therapy. M. furfur is able to convert tryptophon into a variety of indole alkaloids, some of them showing biological properties that correlate well with certain clinical features of pityriasis versicolor. This suggests a possible role for these compounds in the depigmentation process. We now report that human melanocytes undergo apoptosis when exposed to the crude mixture of tryptophan metabolites from M. furfur. The active compound was identified as malassezin, previously isolated by us from the some source and characterized as an agonist of the aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor. The compound could, therefore, contribute to the marked depigmentation observed during the course of pityriasis versicolor.