In the present study we investigated the effects of dietary fats containing predominantly PUFA, monounsaturated FA (MUFA), or saturated FA (SFA) on lipid profile and liver cholesterol 7(x-hydroxylase (CYP7 alpha 1) mRNA expression and bile acid production in C57BL/6J mice. The animals (n = 75) were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basic chow diet (AIN93G) (BC diet), a chow diet with 1 g/1 00 g of cholesterol (Choi diet), a chow diet with I g/1 00 g of cholesterol and 14 g/1 00 g of safflower oil (Choi + PUFA diet), a chow diet with 1 g/l 00 g of cholesterol and olive oil (Cho[ + MUFA diet), or a chow diet with I g/l 00 g of cholesterol and myristic acid (Choi + SFA diet) for 6 wk. The results showed that the Choi + SFA diet decreased CYP7a1 gene expression and bile acid pool size, resulting in increased blood and liver cholesterol levels. Addition of PUFA and MUFA to a I % cholesterol diet increased the bile acid pool production or bile acid excretion and simultaneously decreased liver cholesterol accumulation despite decreased CYP7 alpha 1 mRNA expression. The results indicate that the decreased bile acid pool size induced by the SFA diet is related to inhibition of the liver CYP7 alpha 1 gene expression, but an increased bile acid pool size and improved cholesterol homeostasis are disassociated from the liver CYP7 alpha 1 gene expression.
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