Inkjet-printed silver conductors using silver nitrate ink and their electrical contacts with conducting polymers

This paper presents a low-cost and direct-writing silver metallization process based on drop-on-demand inkjet printing technique. Silver nitrate dissolved in the mixture of water and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as a metal precursor for metallization. The fabricated silver films on polyimide substrate were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrical measurements. The experimental results show that the inkjet-printed silver tracks have well-defined shapes. The resistivity of the printed silver tracks is around 1.5 x 10(-5) Omega (.) cm, one order of magnitude larger than that of bulk silver, which is attributed to the porosities as well as the residual impurities. Two conducting polymers (CP), sulfonated polyaniline (SPANi) and poly(ethylene dioxythiophene)/ poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT/PSS), were inkjet-printed on the surface of the silver tracks to study electrical properties of the Ag-polymer contacts. The current-voltage measurement results show that the printed Ag-PEDOT/PSS and Ag-SPANi contacts exhibit 'ohmic' behavior. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.