Glutathione and respiratory chain complex activity in duodenal mitochondria of broilers with low and high feed efficiency

We previously observed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in intestinal mitochondria obtained from broiler breeder males with low feed efficiency (FE, gain-to-feed). Because antioxidants are critical for combating ROS-mediated oxidative stress and preserving mitochondrial function, the objectives of this study were 1) to determine levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in mitochondria, 2) to measure activities of GSH recycling enzymes: GSH peroxidase and GSH reductase, and 3) to establish relationships between antioxidants and respiratory chain complex activities (complexes I, II, III, IV, and V) in broiler breeder males with low and high FE. Duodenal mitochondria were isolated from broilers with low (0.62 +/- 0.01, n = 8) and high (0.80 +/- 0.01, n = 8) FE. Activities of respiratory chain complexes, GSH peroxidase, and GSH reductase, and levels of GSH were measured by UV spectrophotometry. There were no differences in GSH peroxidase or reductase activities or in individual complex activities between groups but GSH levels tended to be higher (P = 0.075) and oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio tended to be lower (P = 0.077) in broilers with high FE. Regression analysis revealed significant correlations (P <= 0.05) between mitochondrial GSH and activities of complexes II, IV, and V with R-2 values of 0.35, 0.56, and 0.49, respectively. These data suggest that GSH may be important in maintaining or enhancing the activity of certain respiratory chain complexes and could be involved in the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency in broilers.