Electro-mechano-optical conversions in Pr3+-doped BaTiP3-CaTiO3 ceramics

A new class of praseodymium-doped ceramics simultaneously displays electrostriction (the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy), mechanoluminescence, and electroluminescence. For example, red-light emission is produced upon compression (see Figure). These environmentally friendly materials may find application in multifunctional sensors or devices.