期刊
APPLIED ENERGY
卷 116, 期 -, 页码 191-198出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.11.044
关键词
Biodiesel; Free fatty acid; Oleic acid esterification; Sulfated zirconia; Chlorosulfonic acid
资金
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- University of Hong Kong
Biodiesel is a promising renewable alternative to fossil energy. Biodiesel production from low-cost feedstock involves an essential pretreatment step - esterification of free fatty acids (e.g. oleic acid), for avoiding soap formation and catalyst deactivation. Sulfuric acid modified zirconia (H2SO4-ZrO2) is known to be an effective heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction. However, due to rapid SO,- leaching, its reusability is low and its practical use is thus largely hindered. Herein, we report a more stable solid acid analogue for the reaction, chlorosulfonic acid modified zirconia (HClSO3-ZrO2). It was characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, EDX, IR, TGA, and NH3-TPD. Compared with H2SO4-ZrO2, there is over 3 times more sulfur content and nearly 4 times more acid sites amount for HClSO3-ZrO2. More importantly, HClSO3-ZrO2 demonstrates high catalytic activity and long durability in esterification of oleic acid, in which the fatty acid methyl ester yield reaches 100% consecutively for at least 5 cycles under mild conditions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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