The influence of dose on the performance of dry powder inhalation systems

The relationship between drug/lactose ratio and aerosolisation performance of conventional carrier based formulations was investigated using the twin stage impinger. A dose range of similar to 10-450 mu g of drug in a 50 mg lactose carrier formulation was studied. Statistical differences in both the fine particle dose and fine particle fraction were observed across the dosage range (ANOVA, p <0.05). In general, no statistically significant difference (Fishers Pairwise,p <0.05) in fine particle dose was observed between drug levels of approximately 10 mu g and 135 mu g, whereas a linear decrease in fine particle fraction was observed across the same drug level range (R-2 = 0.977). increasing the dose from similar to 135 mu g to 450 mu g resulted in a statistically significant increase in both fine particle dose and fraction (ANOVA p < 0.05). Such observations may be attributed to the occupation of 'active' carrier sites by drug particles at low drug concentration, since the quantity of drug particles liberated from the carrier during aerosolisation remains constant at the lower dosing regimes. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.