The influence of approach and avoidance cues on attentional flexibility

In two experiments, we tested the prediction that rudimentary approach, relative to avoidance, motivational cues bolster attentional flexibility. This prediction was assessed using manipulations of both exteroceptive and interoceptive motivational cues and with two different measures of attentional flexibility, the Stroop task and the 2-back task. Results were consistent with predictions, suggesting that approach, relative to avoidance, motivational cues facilitate task performance by enhancing the ability to shift the focus of attention in response to task demands.