期刊
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
卷 57, 期 11, 页码 1285-1292出版社
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.026
关键词
attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; stop-signal response inhibition; Go/NoGo; inferior frontal cortex; basal ganglia; brain development
Psychological functions that are behaviourally and neurally well specified may serve as endophenotypes for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) research. Such endophenotypes, which lie between genes and symptoms, may relate more directly to relevant genetic variability than does the clinical ADHD syndrome itself. Here we review evidence in favour of response inhibition as an endophenotype for ADHD research. We show that response inhibition - operationalised by Go/No Go or Stop-signal tasks - requires the prefrontal cortex (PFC), in particular the right inferior frontal cortex (IFC); that patients with ADHD have significant response inhibition deficits and show altered functional activation and gray matter volumes in right IFC; and that a number of studies indicate that response inhibition performance is heritable. Additionally we review evidence concerning the role of the basal ganglia in response inhibition, as well as the role of neuromodulatory systems. All things considered, a combined right IFC structure/function/response inhibition phenotype is a particularly good candidate for future heritability and association studies. Moreover, a dissection of response inhibition into more basic components such as rule maintenance, vigilance, and target detection may provide yet better targets for association with genes for neuromodulation and brain development.
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