The prevalence and effects of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder on work performance in a nationally representative sample of workers

Objective. The prevalence and workplace consequences of adult attention deficit/hyperactivity, disorder (ADHD) are unknown. Methods: Air ADHD screen was included in a national household survey (n = 3198, ages 18-44). Clinical reinterviews calibrated the screen to diagnoses of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition ADHD Diagnoses among workers were compared with responses to the WHO Health and Work performance Questionnaire (HPQ). Results: A total of 4.2% of workers had ADHD. ADHD was associated with 35.0 days of annual lost work performance, with higher associations among blue collar (55.8 days) than professional (12.2 days), technical (19.8 days), or service (32.6 days) workers. These associations represent 120 million days of annual lost work in the U.S. labor force, equivalent to $19.5 billion lost human capital. Conclusions: ADHD is a common and costly workplace condition. Effectiveness trials are needed to estimate the region of interest of workplace ADHD screening and treatment programs.