Application of 4D for dynamic site layout and management of construction projects

Construction schedules and site space arrangement are essential to project management, as they directly influence security, machine running, material deployment, power distribution as well as construction progress and cost. There has been a strong need for more effective planning and management of site space and facilities. This paper introduces a 4D Integrated Site Planning System (4D-ISPS) which integrates schedules, 3D models, resources and site spaces together with 4D CAD technology to provide 4D graphical visualization capability for construction site planning. The features of 4D-ISPS are described in detail. The implementation techniques of this system are also discussed and a real life case is presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.