Breaking and making of the nuclear envelope

During mitosis, a single nucleus gives rise to two nuclei that are identical to the parent nucleus. Mitosis consists of a continuous sequence of events that must be carried out once and only once. Two such important events are the disassembly of the nuclear envelope (NE) during the first stages of mitosis, and its accurate reassembly during the last stages of mitosis. NE breakdown (NEBD) is initiated when maturation-promoting factor (MPF) enters the nucleus and starts phosphorylating nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and nuclear lamina proteins, followed by NPC and lamina breakdown. Nuclear reassembly starts when nuclear membranes assemble onto the chromatin. This article focuses on the different models of NEBD and reassembly with emphasis on recent data. (c) 2005wiley-Liss, Inc.