K10 montmorillonite supported manganese catalysts for the oxidation of water to dioxygen

Two dimanganese complexes and two manganese salts were adsorbed on K10 montmorillonite clay to prepare water oxidation catalysts inspired by the manganese-containing active site of Photosystem II, the enzyme where water oxidation occurs in vivo. The montmorillonite hybrids of the dinuclear manganese(IIII,III) complex [Mn(2)(III,III)(mu-O) (tpdm)(2)(mu-OAc)(2)](2+) (2@Mt, tpdm = tris(2-pyridyl)methane), manganese(II) sulphate (Mn(2+)@Mt) and manganese(III) acetate (Mn(3+)@Mt) are presented as an addition to the well studied clay hybrid system of [Mn(2)(III,IV)(mu-O)(2) (terpy)(2)(H(2)O)(2)](3+) (1@Mt, terpy = 2,2':6',2 ''-terpyridine). As indicated by UVVis and EPR spectroscopy, the immobilization of the manganese compounds on the clay surfaces was associated with changes of their structure and their electronic properties (with the exception of Mn(2+)@Mt). No remarkable changes in clay interlayer distance could be observed suggesting that the manganese compounds do not intercalate between the montmorillonite layers but adsorb only on the surface of the clay mineral. Three of the four heterogeneous systems were found to be able to catalyse water oxidation with the single-electron oxidation agent Ce(IV). The manganese(III) acetate clay hybrid Mn(3) (+)@Mt showed the highest activity, nearly three times higher than the best catalytic system of this class found so far, the montmorillonite hybrid 1@Mt. Because there are only very few examples of functional, manganese-based catalysts for water oxidation, these new materials represent interesting additions to the original hybrid systems. The spectroscopic results additionally indicate that the formation of manganese oligomers on the clay surface seems to be the most likely explanation for the fact that catalytically active materials are generated. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.