The red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Scolytidae):: an exotic invasive pest of pine in China

An exotic invasive pest of pines, the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte ( Scolytidae) ( RTB), was. first detected in Shanxi Province, northern China, in 1998 and started causing widespread tree mortality there in 1999. This outbreak continues and has spread to three adjacent provinces, causing unprecedented tree mortality. Although it is considered a minor pest of pines in North America, RTB has proven to be an aggressive and destructive pest of Pinus tabuliformis, China's most widely planted pine species. The bionomics and occurrence, distribution, response to host volatiles, and host preference of this pine beetle in China are compared with what is known of the beetle in its native range in North America. Factors likely contributing to D. valens success in China and control of the beetle outbreak are discussed. ( -)- beta- pinene was shown to be the most attractive host volatile for D. valens from the Sierra Nevada of California, whereas 3-(+)carene is the most attractive host volatile for beetles in China. Monocultures of Pinus tabuliformis, several consecutive years of drought conditions and warm winters have apparently factored D. valens invasion and establishment in China.