期刊
DIABETES
卷 54, 期 7, 页码 2041-2052出版社
AMER DIABETES ASSOC
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.54.7.2041
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资金
- NIAID NIH HHS [1R21AI55464-01] Funding Source: Medline
The IDDM (LEW.1AR1/Ztm-iddm) rat is a type 1 diabetic animal model characterized by a rapid apoptotic pancreatic beta-cell destruction. Here we have analyzed the time course of islet infiltration, changes in the cytokine expression pattern, and beta-cell apoptosis in the transition from the pre-diabetic to the diabetic state. Transition from normoglycemia to hyperglycemia occurred when beta-cell loss exceeded 60-70%. At the early stages of islet infiltration, macrophages were the predominant immune cell type in the peripherally infiltrated islets. Progression of beta-cell loss was closely linked to a severe infiltration of the whole islet by CD8(+) T-cells. With progressive islet infiltration, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were expressed in immune cells but not in beta-cells. This proinflammatory cytokine expression pattern coincided with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and procaspase 3 in beta-cells and a peak apoptosis rate of 6.7%. Islet infiltration declined after manifestation of clinical diabetes, yielding end-stage islets devoid of beta-cells and immune cells without any sign of cytokine expression. The observed coincidence of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha expression in the immune cells and the induction of iNOS and procaspase 3 mRNA expression in the beta-cells depicts a sequence of pathological changes leading to apoptotic beta-cell death in the IDDM rat. This chain of events provides a mechanistic explanation for the development of the diabetic syndrome in this animal model of human type 1 diabetes.
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