Oral and pulmonary delivery of FSH-Fc fusion proteins via neonatal Fc receptor-mediated transcytosis

BACKGROUND: The alpha and beta subunits of FSH were fused to the Fc domain of IgGI either in a single chain or a heterodimer format. These molecules were absorbed through the epithelium in lung and intestine by neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn)-mediated transcytosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Single chain and heterodimer FSH-Fc were made recombinantly in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Treatment of rats with a single s.c. dose of single chain or heterodimer FSH-Fc resulted in greater stimulation of ovarian weight (20.8 +/- 3.9 and 26.9 +/- 6.1 mg respectively) compared to those receiving vehicle (12.1 +/- 1.0 mg) or an equimolar dose of recombinant human FSH (14.3 +/- 1.7 mg). Both FSH-Fc fusion proteins were absorbed after oral dosing of newborn rats with long terminal half-lives of similar to 60 h, and pulmonary delivery in four cynomolgus monkeys produced maximum serum concentrations between 69 and 131 ng/ml with long terminal half-lives between 55 and 210h. Serum inhibin levels increased after pulmonary dosing with single chain FSH-Fc (1.3- and 1.4-fold) and heterodimer FSH-Fc (5.9- and 7.1-fold) and remained elevated for > 12 days after treatment with heterodimer FSH-Fc. CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that FSH-Fc fusion proteins have increased stability in blood and improved bioactivity in vivo, and that heterodimer FSH-Fc is more active in rats and monkeys than single chain FSH-Fc. These data suggest that Fc fusion proteins offer the potential for oral and pulmonary delivery of FSH.