3D welding and milling: part II - optimization of the 3D welding process using an experimental design approach

A process of combined additive and subtractive techniques for the direct freeform fabrication of metallic prototypes and tools is being developed by the authors. This hybrid process, called '3D welding and milling', uses gas metal arc welding (GMAW) as an additive and conventional milling as a subtractive technique, thereby exploiting the advantages of both processes. In this paper, the results of the optimization of the deposition process using a statistical approach as well as the result of plastic injection molding with the inserts fabricated by this hybrid process are described. The result proves the applicability of the 3D welding and milling process for direct fabrication of metallic prototypes and tools. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.