Instrument for electrohydrodynamic print-patterning three-dimensional complex structures

A print-patterning instrument coupling electrohydrodynamics and servo and stepper motor motion has been developed. It has been used to pattern and form a 10 mmx30 mm rectangular walled container from zirconia. The incorporation of electrohydrodynamics allows the generation of finer droplets, compared with ink-jet technology, from a concentrated two-phase medium. The precision servo/stepper system consists of a three-axis motion planner, which is computer controlled and allows three cradles to be in motion according to a predetermined sequence created on any computer aided design package. The problems encountered in forming three-dimensional (3D) structures using this method are explained and possible solutions incorporating future work are discussed. This instrument has the potential of being developed into a powerful device for 3D solid freeform fabrication of structural, functional, and biological structures. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.