A simple two-layer zone model on mechanical exhaust in an atrium

Provision of make-up air is essential in designing mechanical exhaust system in a compartment. There are always problems in determining the inlet positions for supplying make-up air. In this paper, a zone model for studying the effect of different positions of make-up air supply on the performance of a mechanical exhaust system in an atrium will be developed. Traditional two-layer approach with an upper smoke layer and a lower air layer will be assumed. Three scenarios of extraction with different relative positions of the air inlet are studied. These are scenarios with the smoke layer interface lying above, within, and below the air inlet. Conservation of mass and energy are considered for each scenario to study the smoke filling process. Transient variations of smoke layer temperature and interface height will be predicted under different fire sizes, exhaust rates and make-up air conditions. Full-scale burning tests in an atrium were conducted to justify the predicted results. In addition, results predicted by this zone model will also be compared with those predicted by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with the software Fire Dynamics Simulator FDS version 3.1; and another zone model CFAST version 5.0.1. It is observed that the predicted results from this new zone model agreed well with experiments and CFD results. However, results predicted by CFAST deviated from experiments for the scenario with the smoke layer interface lying below the air inlet. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.