High-resolution x-ray monochromators

X-ray monochromators for high-resolution spectroscopy are summarized. Several types of monochromators with different resolutions are discussed, with emphasis on a system for hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HXPES) developed at BL29XUL of SPring-8. The HXPES monochromator used a single channel-cut crystal with a high throughput of similar to 10(11) photon/s in a bandwidth of Delta E = 45 meV at E = 5.95 keV. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.