期刊
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
卷 118, 期 15, 页码 3523-3530出版社
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02481
关键词
MN9D; PC 12; dopamine; PP2A; Parkinson's disease
类别
资金
- NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS042094, NS42094] Funding Source: Medline
alpha-Synuclein is an abundant presynaptic protein implicated in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative diseases. Although the function of alpha-synuclein is not thoroughly elucidated, we found that alpha-synuclein regulates dopamine synthesis by binding to and inhibiting tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Understanding alpha-synuclein function in dopaminergic cells should add to our knowledge of this key protein, which is implicated in Parkinson's disease and other disorders. Herein, we report a mechanism by which alpha-synuclein diminishes tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and activity in stably transfected dopaminergic cells. Shortterm regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase depends on the phosphorylation of key seryl residues in the amino-terminal regulatory domain of the protein. Of these, Ser40 contributes significantly to tyrosine hydroxylase activation and dopamine synthesis. We observed that alpha-synuclein overexpression caused reduced Ser40 phosphorylation in MN9D cells and inducible PC12 cells. Ser40 is phosphorylated chiefly by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase PKA and dephosphorylated almost exclusively by the protein phosphatase, PP2A. Therefore, we measured the impact of alpha-synuclein overexpression on levels and activity of PKA and PP2A in our cells. PKA was unaffected by alpha-synuclein. PP2A protein levels also were unchanged, however, the activity of PP2A increased in parallel with alpha-synuclein expression. Inhibition of PP2A dramatically increased Ser40 phosphorylation only in alpha-synuclein overexpressors in which alpha-synuclein was also found to co-immunoprecipitate with PP2A. Together the data reveal a functional interaction between alpha-synuclein and PP2A that leads to PP2A activation and underscores a key role for alpha-synuclein in protein phosphorylation.
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