Direct simulation Monte Carlo modeling of homogeneous condensation in supersonic plumes

A particle simulation method to model wafer condensation process in a supersonic rocket plume is proposed. and developed. Classic nucleation theory is used to predict nucleation, condensation, and the evaporation 'rates for water clusters. Microscopic kinetic models are developed to simulate collision processes between water clusters and monomers, between water clusters and foreign molecules, and evaporation 4 monomers from water clusters. These models are-integrated into the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to simulate an axisymmetric multispecies gas expansion coupled with condensation. The developed computational scheme, first verified by empirical scaling jaws of condensation in supersonic microjets is then applied to predict the spatial distributions of water cluster number density, size, and temperature in a rocket exhaust plume. An empirical equation is used to correct classical, nucleation rate, condensation results are compared between the, original and corrected nucleation rite, and the impact of the nucleation rate on a flow with condensation is discussed in detail.