Hijacking of death receptor signaling by bacterial pathogen effectors

Death receptors such as Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, FAS and TNF-associated apoptosis-inducing ligand-R1/2 play a major role in counteracting with bacterial pathogen infection through regulation of inflammation and programmed cell death. The highly regulated death receptor signaling is frequently targeted by gram-negative bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Shigella, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and enterohamorrhagic Escherichia coli, which harbor a conserved type III secretion system that delivers a repertoire of effector proteins to manipulate host signal transductions for their own benefit. This review focuses on how bacterial gut pathogens hijack death receptor signaling to inhibit host NF-kappa B and programmed cell death pathways.