期刊
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
卷 30, 期 9, 页码 1751-1763出版社
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300753
关键词
cigarette smoking; nicotine; HPA axis; ACTH; cortisol; DHEA; epinephrine
资金
- NIDA NIH HHS [K05 DA000101, K05-DA00101, P01-DA14528, T32 DA007252, K05 DA000064, R01 DA015067, R01-DA15067, T32-DA07252, P01 DA014528] Funding Source: Medline
The acute effects of smoking a low- or high-nicotine cigarette on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hormones, subjective responses, and cardiovascular measures were studied in 20 healthy men who met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for nicotine dependence. Within four puffs (or 2 min) after cigarette smoking began, plasma nicotine levels and heart rate increased significantly (P<0.01), and peak ratings of 'high' and 'rush' on a Visual Analogue Scale were reported. Reports of 'high,' 'rush,' and 'liking' and reduction of 'craving' were significantly greater after smoking a high-nicotine cigarette than a low- nicotine cigarette (P<0.05). Peak plasma nicotine levels after high-nicotine cigarette smoking (23.9+/-2.6 ng/ml) were significantly greater than after low-nicotine cigarette smoking (3.63+/-0.59 ng/ml) (P<0.001). After smoking a low- nicotine cigarette, adrenocorticotropin hormone ( ACTH), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and epinephrine did not change significantly from baseline. After high-nicotine cigarette smoking began, plasma ACTH levels increased significantly above baseline within 12 min and reached peak levels of 21.88+/-5.34 pmol/l within 20 min. ACTH increases were significantly correlated with increases in plasma nicotine (r = 0.85; P<0.0001), DHEA (r = 0.66; P = 0.002), and epinephrine (r = 0.86; P<0.0001). Cortisol and DHEA increased significantly within 20 min (P<0.05) and reached peak levels of 424+/-48 and 21.13+/-2.55 ng/ml within 60 and 30 min, respectively. Thus cigarette smoking produced nicotine dose-related effects on HPA hormones and subjective and cardiovascular measures. These data suggest that activation of the HPA axis may contribute to the abuse-related effects of cigarette smoking.
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