期刊
APIDOLOGIE
卷 41, 期 3, 页码 312-331出版社
SPRINGER FRANCE
DOI: 10.1051/apido/2010018
关键词
pesticide; honey bee; toxicity; wax residue; CCD
类别
资金
- National Honey Board
- Florida State Beekeepers
- Tampa Bay Beekeepers
- Penn State College of Agriculture Sciences
- Preservation Apis mellifera (PAm)
- Foundation for the Preservation of Honey Bees
- USDA
- EPA
Until 1985 discussions of pesticides and honey bee toxicity in the USA were focused on pesticides applied to crops and the unintentional exposure of foraging bees to them. The recent introduction of arthropod pests of honey bees, Acarapis woodi (1984), Varroa destructor (1987), and Aethina tumida (1997), to the USA have resulted in the intentional introduction of pesticides into beehives to suppress these pests. Both the unintentional and the intentional exposure of honey bees to pesticides have resulted in residues in hive products, especially beeswax. This review examines pesticides applied to crops, pesticides used in apiculture and pesticide residues in hive products. We discuss the role that pesticides and their residues in hive products may play in colony collapse disorder and other colony problems. Although no single pesticide has been shown to cause colony collapse disorder, the additive and synergistic effects of multiple pesticide exposures may contribute to declining honey bee health.
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