Ideal protein concept for dietary protein reduction of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of ideal protein concept on reduction of dietary protein content for Nile tilapia (5 to 125 g). A hundred and sixty juvenile fishes (4.40 +/- 0.9 g) were assigned to a randomized experimental design with four treatments [25.5, 27, 28.5 and 30% (control) of digestible protein], three replicates and ten fish by experimental unit. Crystalline amino acids were added to maintain amino acid levels according to the ideal protein concept. The amino acids (lysine, methionine and threonine) were supplemented at levels to simulate amino acid levels of the reference diet. Diets were fed ad libitum during 83 days. No significant effects of protein levels on weight gain, feed:gain ratio, hepatossomatic, visceral fat, survival rate, carcass protein and intermediate fiber diameter were observed. The protein efficiency rate and nitrogen retention decreased linearly and excreted nitrogen increased linearly as the dietary digestible protein levels increased. Quadratic effect for carcass yield and carcass ether extract content was observed, with the best values at 28.40 and 27.31 % dietary protein, respectively. It was concluded that is possible to reduce the dietary protein from 30 to 27.5% for juvenile Nile tilapia, with no change on growth, carcass yield and fillet chemical composition. However, the reduction of white and red fibers diameter was observed when dietary protein decreased from 30 to 27.5%.