Area per surfactant molecule values of gemini surfactants at the liquid-hydrophobic solid interface

Areas per surfactant molecule at the liquid/hydrophobic solid (A(LS)) and the liquid/air (A(LA)) interface as a function of the spacer length are reported for cationic gemini surfactants having -(CH2)(n)-spacers. A(LA) increases with increasing spacer length up to 6-8-CH2-groups in the spacer and then levels off. A(LS) values indicate a more closely packed arrangement of the surfactant molecules than that at the liquid/air interface. Comparison of A(LA) and A(LS) values indicates that the surfactant molecules at the liquid/hydrophobic solid interface are almost three times as closely packed as those at the liquid/air interface. A comparison of the experimental values of the area per surfactant molecule at both interfaces was made with those calculated from dimensions of the surfactant molecule in vacuo. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.