Cobalt and nickel doped ZnO nanowire arrays were synthesized by an electrochemical process at a temperature of 90 degrees C. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction show that the dopants are incorporated into the wurtzite-structure ZnO. Anisotropic ferromagnetism with an easy direction of magnetization either perpendicular or parallel to the wire axis, depending on the wire geometry and density, was observed in 1.7% Co and 2.2% Ni-doped ZnO nanowires at room temperature. The anisotropic magnetism was explained in terms of a competition between self-demagnetization and magnetostatic coupling among the nanowires. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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