The behaviour of circular synthetic jets in a laminar boundary layer

Dye flow visualisation of circular synthetic jets was carried out in laminar boundary layers developing over a flat plate at a range of actuator operating conditions and freestream velocities of 0.05 and 0.1ms(-1). The purpose of this work was to study the interaction of synthetic jets with the boundary layer and the nature of vortical structures produced as a result of this interaction. The effects of Reynolds number (Re), velocity ratio (V-R) and Strouhal number (St) on the behaviour of synthetic jets were studied. At low Re and V-R, the vertical structures produced by synthetic jets appear as highly stretched hairpin vortices attached to the wall. At intermediate Re and V-R, these structures roll up into vortex rings which experience a considerable amount of tilting and stretching as they enter the boundary layer. These vortex rings will eventually propagate outside the boundary layer hence the influence of the synthetic jets on the near wall flow will be confined in the near field of the jet exit. At high Re and V-R, the vortex rings appear to experience a certain amount of tilting but no obvious stretching. They penetrate the edge of the boundary layer quickly, producing very limited impact on the near wall flow. Hence it is believed that the hairpin vortices produced at low Re and V-R are likely to be the desirable structures for effective flow separation control. In this paper, a vortex model was also described to explain the mechanism of vortex tilting.