期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 25, 期 40, 页码 9236-9243出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1640-05.2005
关键词
kiss-and-run; fusion pore; amperometry; single-vesicle FM imaging; glutamate; freshly isolated astrocyte
Under physiological conditions, astrocytes not only passively support and nourish adjacent neurons, but also actively modulate neuronal transmission by releasing glial transmitters, such as glutamate, ATP, and D-serine. Unlike the case for neurons, the mechanisms by which glia release transmitters are essentially unknown. Here, by using electrochemical amperometry and frequency-modulated single-vesicle imaging, we discovered that hippocampal astrocytes exhibit two modes of exocytosis of glutamate in response to various stimuli. After physiological stimulation, a glial vesicle releases a quantal content that is only 10% of that induced by nonphysiological, mechanical stimulation. The small release event arises from a brief (similar to 2 ms) opening of the fusion pore. We conclude that, after physiological stimulation, astrocytes release glutamate via a vesicular kiss-and-run mechanism.
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