On subwavelength and open resonators involving metamaterials of negative refraction index

A one-dimensional (1D) subwavelength resonator utilizing a left-handed material (LHM) is first chosen as an example to show that for a reliable analysis, one should use the wave-field theory instead of the ray-trace theory. The resonant modes of a 2D subwavelength open resonator utilizing an LHM is calculated with wave-field simulation. An open resonator formed by a photonic crystal with negative effective index is also studied.