Simple but not simpler: toward a unified picture of energy requirements in cell death

In 1996, Wang and his group empirically disclosed a key role of (deoxy)-ATP in functioning of the apoptotic machinery. After almost a decade, and despite the emerged intricacy of the death pathways, ATP is still considered a key determinant of apoptosis with no apparent active roles in necrosis. Yet recent findings indicate that apoptosis proceeds even without energy and that necrosis can be regulated by ATP-dependent processes. This review strictly focuses on current knowledge on the role of energy in execution of different death programs. A thorough understanding of energy requirements in cell death can help to overcome obsolete dogmas in cell biology, paving the way to a more integrated, albeit not simpler, view of the molecular mechanisms contributing to cell dismantling.