期刊
ANTI-CANCER AGENTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
卷 12, 期 4, 页码 303-315出版社
BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD
DOI: 10.2174/187152012800228715
关键词
Cholesterol; Isoprenoids; Protein modification; Chemotherapy; Hedgehog pathway
资金
- CIBEREHD
- Fundacion Mutua Madrilena
- Fundacio la Marato de TV3 [PI11/03025]
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI09/0056]
- Plan Nacional de I+D, Spain [SAF2009-11417, SAF2008-02199, SAF2011-23031]
- Research Center for Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, NIAAA/NIH [P50-AA-11999]
The use of statins has scaled up to become one of the most prescribed medicines in the world and have been very useful in the manegement of cardiovascular diseases and related mortality. The disclosure of their chemical structure similar to that of hydroxy methyl glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) revealed their ability to compete with and inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase that catalyzes the synthesis of mevalonate, which then serves as the precursor for isoprenoids and cholesterol in the mevalonate pathway. While most of the effects of statins are associated with the lowering of cellular cholesterol levels, it is clear that they also blunt the non-sterol branch of the mevalonate pathway, decreasing formation of isoprenoids and altering protein-prenylation, a critical event in the posttranslational modulation of proteins involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, proliferation and signaling pathways. Randomized controlled trials for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases indicated that statins elicited provocative and unexpected benefits for reducing a number of different types of cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, melanoma, prostate and hepatocellular carcinoma, although in other cancer types the preclinical expectations of statins were dissapointing. In this review, we will describe the evidence and mechanisms underlying the potential beneficial use of statins and the role of protein prenylation in cancer prevention. Of relevance, the combination of statins with other anti cancer drugs may be a significant asset in malignancies resistant to current therapy.
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