期刊
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 61
卷 61, 期 -, 页码 47-68出版社
ANNUAL REVIEWS
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nucl-102010-130445
关键词
big bang nucleosynthesis; early universe; dark matter; abundances of light elements; extensions of the Standard Model
Big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) theory, together with the precise WMAP cosmic baryon density, makes tight predictions for the abundances of the lightest elements. Deuterium and He-4 measurements agree well with expectations, but Li-7 observations lie below the BBN+WMAP prediction by a factor of three to four. This 4-5-sigma mismatch constitutes the so-called cosmic lithium problem; disparate solutions are possible. First, astrophysical systematics in the observations could exist but are increasingly constrained. Second, nuclear physics experiments provide a wealth of well-measured cross-section data, but Be-7 destruction could be enhanced by unknown or poorly measured resonances. Third, physics beyond the Standard Model could alter the Li-7 abundance, although deuterium and He-4 must remain unperturbed. In this review, we discuss such scenarios, highlighting decaying supersymmetric particles and time-varying fundamental constants. Present and planned experiments could reveal which (if any) of these proposed solutions is correct.
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