Raman backscattering and Fourier transform infrared measurements were performed on undoped and nitrogen-doped ZnO. Two broad vibrational modes near 1414 and 1585 cm(-1) were found that are attributed to the presence of carbon sp(2) clusters. In nitrogen-doped ZnO these modes are enhanced. In addition a broad vibrational mode near 2004 cm(-1) is believed to be due to Zn-H complexes. The incorporation of N results in the formation of cyano radicals NO and NNO complexes effectively lowering the N doping efficiency. Furthermore, infrared measurements revealed the presence of CO2 molecules. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.
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